The root term [-cheil-] derivates from the Greek word [χείλος (keilos]] meaning "lip". There are other medical root terms that also mean lip, but they arise from the Latin words [labellum, labrum, and labra].  There are many medical terms that include the root [-cheil-]:

• Cheilitis: The suffix [-itis] means "inflammation". Inflammation of the lips

• Cheilitis simplex: A very medical way of saying "chapped lips". See accompanying image.

• Cheiloplasty: The suffix [-(o)plasty] means "surgical reshaping". A surgical reshaping or plastic surgery of the lips

• Angular cheilitis: Inflammation of the angle of the mouth, sometimes causing a fissure

The root term  [-lapar-] arises from the Greek word [λαπάρα] which means "flank or "loin"". It refers to the lateral region of the abdomen between the costal margin superiorly and the iliac crest inferiorly. In its pure etymological meaning the root term [lapar], as in "laparotomy" or "laparoscopy" should be used to denote a surgical action in only two of the abdominal regions, the right and left lumbar abdominal regions (or flank regions). The suffix [-otomy] originates from the Greek [τέμνω] (tomos) which means "to cut" or "to open".

The first modern use of the term [laparotomy] referring to "an abdominal incision" was in January, 1878 by Thomas Bryant, FRCS in his book "A Manual for the Practice of Surgery". This of course caused an upheaval with language purists, as a true laparotomy is a flank incision only. Nonetheless the meaning of the term as suggested by Bryant has been in use since. Today any abdominal incision is a laparotomy.

The [conjoint tendon] (sometimes called the conjoined tendon] is the common tendinous attachment of the internal oblique muscle and the transverse abdminis muscle into the pubic tubercle. Some of these tendinous attachments extend also to the pectineal (Cooper's) ligament, the inguinal ligament, and the superior ramus of the pubic bone. In the classical anatomical description these tendons mix to the point that they cannot be separated one from the other, hence the term [conjoint tendon].

The conjoint tendon is important in open hernia repair, where some surgical techniques require the surgeon to pass a surgical needle and suture through this tendinous structure, to attach or close the gap between the conjoint tendon and the inguinal ligament.

In spite of being described in many anatomy books, a true "conjoint tendon" is only found in about 4% of the cases (varying from 3 to 6%, depending on the author). What is usually found are slightly tendinous discrete structures that attach to the pubic tubercle. Because of this,  Skandalakis, et al proposed to change the name to the "conjoined area". 

Sources:
1. "Le Tendon Conjoint: Memoire realise dans le cadre du certificat d'anatomie, d'imagerie et de morphogenese" Leroux, H. Universit? D' Nantes, 2005
2. "Hernia; Surgical Anatomy and Techniques" Skandalakis, J. et al. 1989 McGraw Hill
3. "Tratado de Anatomia Humana" Testut et Latarjet 8 Ed. 1931 Salvat Editores, Spain

[Anular] means "ring" or "ring-shaped". The word [epiphysis] is composed of the preffix [epi-] meaning "outer" or "above", while [-physis] means "growth". The term [anular epiphysis] means the "outer ring-shaped growth".

The [anular epiphysis], sometimes also called the [anular apophysis], is a bony ring found on the superior and inferior aspect of the vertebrae.  This outer ring is formed by thickened cortical bone and leaves a central depression which has a more porous surface. In this central depression the vertebrae present with a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, which forms part of the vertebral endplate.

In a lateral view the presence of the anular epiphysis causes the superior and inferior borders of the vertebral body to protrude. This protrusion is called by some anatomists the "lips" of the vertebrae. To see these "lips" click here.

Image property of:CAA.Inc.Photographer:David M. Klein